Leg spin is a style of spin bowling in cricket. A leg spinner bowls right-arm with a wrist spin action, causing the ball to spin anti-clockwise at the point of delivery. When the ball bounces, the spin causes the ball to deviate sharply from right to left (as seen by the bowler) — that is, away from the leg side of a right-handed batsman, which is the origin of the name "leg spin". The same action when performed by a left-arm bowler is known as left-arm unorthodox spin or "chinaman" bowling.
Mechanics
As with all spinners, leg spinners bowl the ball far slower (70-90 km/h or 45-55 mph) than fast bowlers, who can top 160 km/h (100 mph), and typically use variations of flight by sometimes looping the ball in the air, allowing any cross-breeze and the aerodynamic effects of the spinning ball to cause the ball to dip and drift before bouncing and spinning (usually called "turning") sharply. While very difficult to bowl accurately, good leg spin is generally seen as the most threatening type of bowling to bat against, since the flight and sharp turn make the ball's movement extremely hard to read, and the turn away from the batsman (assuming he or she is right-handed) is more dangerous than the turn into the batsman generated by an off spinner.
Good leg spin bowlers are also able to bowl deliveries that behave unexpectedly, including the googly, which turns the opposite way to a normal leg break, and the topspinner, which doesn't deviate significantly. A few exceptional leg spinners (notably Shane Warne) have also mastered the flipper, a delivery that like a topspinner goes straight on landing but travels quickly and barely bounces, often dismissing batsmen leg before wicket or bowled. Another variation in the arsenal of some leg spinners is the slider, a leg break pushed out of the hand somewhat faster, so that it doesn't spin as much, but travels more straight on.
To grip the ball for a leg-spinning delivery, the ball placed into the palm with the seam parallel to the palm. The first two fingers then spread and grip the ball, and the third and fourth fingers close together and rest against the side of the ball. The first bend of the third finger should grasp the seam. The thumb resting against the side is up to the bowler, but should impart no pressure. When the ball is bowled, the third finger will apply most of the spin. The wrist is cocked as it comes down by the hip, and the wrist moves sharply from right to left as the ball is released, adding more spin. The ball is tossed up to provide flight. The batsman will see the hand with the palm facing towards them when the ball is released.
History
In the 1970s and 1980s it was feared that leg spin would disappear from the game due to the success of Australian and later West Indian teams exclusively using fast bowlers. During this time Abdul Qadir of Pakistan was the highest-profile leg spinner in the world and is sometimes credited with "keeping the art alive". However, leg spin has again become popular with cricket fans and a successful part of cricket teams, driven largely by the success of Shane Warne, beginning with his spectacular Ball of the Century to Mike Gatting in 1993.
Notably, England has never produced a great orthodox leg spinner, although Doug Wright had occasional success, and Sydney Barnes took lots of wickets with a style combining elements of pace and leg spin bowling.
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